Meghalaya was formed by carving out the two districts of the state of Assam : the United Khasi and Jaintia Hills, and the Garo Hills on 21 January 1972 .

The Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes each had their own kingdoms, until they came under the British administration in the 19th century. Later, the British incorporated Meghalaya into Assam in 1835. The region enjoyed semi-independent status by virtue of a treaty relationship with the British Crown.

When Bengal partitionon held on 16 October, 1905 by Lord Curzon, Meghalaya became a part of the new province of ' Eastern Bengal and Assam '. However, when the partition was reversed in 1912, Meghalaya became a part of the province of Assam . At the time of Independence of the country in 1947, the present day Meghalaya constituted two districts of Assam and enjoyed limited autonomy within the state of Assam .

On 3 January, 1921 in pursuance of Section 52A of the Government of India Act of 1919, the Governor-General-in-Council declared the areas now in Meghalaya, other than the Khasi States, as "backward tracts". Subsequently however, the Government of India Act of 1935 regrouped the backward tracts into two categories, namely, "excluded" and "partially excluded" areas in place of backward tracts.

At the time of Independence of the country in 1947, the present day Meghalaya constituted two districts of Assam and enjoyed limited autonomy within the state of Assam .

The Assam Reorganisation (Meghalaya) Act, 1969 accorded an autonomous status on the state of Meghalaya. The Act came into effect on 2 April 1970, and an Autonomous State of Meghalaya was created within the State of Assam. The Autonomous state had a Legislature in accordance with the Sixth schedule to the Constitution. The Legislature had 37 members.

In 1971, the Parliament passed the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganization) Act, 1971, which conferred full statehood on the Autonomous State of Meghalaya. Meghalaya attained statehood on 21 January 1972, with a Legislative Assembly of its own.

Capital : Shillong
Coordinates : 25.57° N 91.88° E
Largest city : Shillong
Population (2001) : 2,306,069
Density : 103/km²
Area : 22,429 km²
Districts : 7
Time zone : IST (UTC+ 5:30 )
Official language : Garo, Khasi, English